Ion irradiation of model ices [46,51,76,106]; photochemical studies [44,94,98]; astrophysical observations [6,86,99]; evidence for chemical processing in pre-cometary icy grains in circumstellar environments of pre-main sequence stars [108]; UV desorption from water ice [113]; icy grain mantles and dust/gas chemical modelling [102]; photodesorption of CO ices [38]; mantle desorption processes driven by cosmic rays [115]; water ice formation on interstellar carbon dust [25]; high density water ice and its role in formation of icy mantles [47,48].