Formation of carbon-based grains in the outflows of Red Giants: modelling [1,2,13,17,34]; photoelectric heating mechanisms of very small graphitic grains
and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [5];
coal model for the UV-visible interstellar extinction curve [36,80-82]; laboratory spectra of PAH molecules and ions
and the extinction curve [58,59,92,93]; origins of variation of the 2175A
band in the interstellar extinction curve [64]; laboratory studies of carbon
particles and clusters [9,12,20-23,53,55,68-72,88-91]; evolution of dust
particles in dense clouds [111]; vibrational excitation of H
desorbed from a carbon surface [96]; molecular desorption from dust in star-forming regions [116]; H
formation on carbonaceous grains [24]; H
formation on carbonaceous
grains and release of mantle materials [117]; evolution of HAC grains in
interstellar medium [26,27,107].